Story by Daniel Keane, ABC 20 March 2021 (With John Wilson)
Australia's first political assassination is just as mysterious today as it was a century ago
Below: Police photos of Koorman Tomayeff, who shot MP Percy Brookfield at Riverton in 1921 (Supplied by John Wilson)
The Shooter -- The Biographers -- The Victim -- The Mystery Woman - Read more at the ABC - The Epic Poem by John Wilson
The basic details sound like the ingredients of a wild west movie: a country town, a lone gunman, armed police and a shootout at the local railway station.
Several people were wounded and two were killed, including Percy Brookfield — a charismatic, maverick MP who had held the balance of power in the New South Wales Parliament.
But his popularity among his followers had been hard won — his opposition to wartime conscription and his support for the Russian Revolution made him a controversial figure.
Left: Percy Brookfield in 1915, wearing an anti-conscription badge.
Photo by CH Conlon / State Library Of Victoria
The shooter
His killer, Koorman Tomayeff, was unemployed and itinerant, originally from Russia but more recently from the silver city.
Both men were aboard the train to Adelaide when it stopped at Riverton to allow passengers to disembark for breakfast.
It was then that Tomayeff launched his terrifying attack, firing more than 40 shots into the crowd.
As mass panic ensued, police and Brookfield bravely confronted the shooter, but Brookfield sustained two bullet wounds before Tomayeff was detained.
"I'm done, he has shot me," said the stricken MP, who died in hospital.
The biographers
Famed author Dame Mary Gilmore (Right) later eulogised Brookfield as a martyr and commemorated the incident in verse, describing the moment "the madman's bullets came flying" like a "gallop of fiery rain".
But beneath the myth is an enduring mystery — Brookfield's death is often described as Australia's first political assassination, but Tomayeff's motive remains unclear.
Was he acting alone, or on behalf of others? Was Brookfield the target, or an incidental victim of an act of random terror?
And what of an enigmatic woman whose death may have sent Tomayeff over the edge?
Railway historian John Wilson probably knows more about what happened that day than any other researcher.
Left: John Wilson has written about the shooting in his book The Riesling Railway.(ABC News: Daniel Keane)
He has speculated that the Battle of Broken Hill of 1915 —
which, in an eerie foreshadowing of the Riverton shooting,
involved two men of suspected Afghan background opening fire at a train and
killing four passengers — may have nudged Tomayeff towards penury, then crime.
"Tomayeff was seen to be a foreigner, and there was an intense xenophobia in Broken Hill," he said.
Tomayeff is, as Sir Winston Churchill said of Russia, a "riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma".
His name is spelled at least half a dozen different ways in historical newspaper articles, which also contradict one another in relation to many other aspects of his life.
The victim
Percy Brookfield was a man with powerful enemies.
During the war, he had publicly clashed with Australia's pro-conscription Prime Minister Billy Hughes, condemning him as a "traitor, viper and skunk".
But Brookfield himself was widely regarded as a traitor by the political right, especially after he told a gathering, at Broken Hill in early 1917, that he "would not spill one drop of my blood for any flag, the Union Jack included".
(Above Right) At the time of Brookfield's death, Broken Hill was a hotbed of radical politics.(Picture from the State Library Of SA)
His remarks earned a swift rebuke from Hughes, who said Brookfield was "a liar or a perjurer, or else he is a traitor to his country".
In 1919, Brookfield loudly declared his Communist sympathies at a time when Australian troops were fighting against the Red Army in northern Russia.
But Brookfield also alienated those on his own side of politics — his views led to him quitting the Labor Party, and he joined a radical splinter group.
"If he was assassinated, it was the first political assassination in Australia, but I'm not sure he was the target," John Wilson said.
Were any of Brookfield's foes capable of murderous conspiracy?
Complicating that question is the contradictory evidence about Tomayeff. "He did not take any active part in union matters or industrial disputes," a police sergeant later wrote of the Russian.
"[I] searched the room which had been occupied by him, but found nothing that would show any motive for the shooting of Mr Brookfield or any other passenger on the train."
The mystery woman
John Wilson believes political motives are a red herring and has developed a theory — based on archival foraging and some inspired guesswork — that hinges on a woman called Madge Kewey.
Following the shooting, newspapers reported that Tomayeff had been upset because of the death of a female associate and,
after trawling through death records, Mr Wilson has identified Kewey as the most likely candidate.
The death certificate of Madge Kewey, whose name is also spelled differently in various documents.(Photo Supplied)
He further believes that she was a sex worker for Tomayeff.
"It seems, and I'm fairly confident about this, that he made his income being a pimp," Mr Wilson said.
Read much more at the ABC Website:
Story by Daniel Keane
THE EPIC OF PERCY BROOKFIELD
by John Wilson
On the eve of March the twenty first,
Back in nineteen twenty one,
The express departed Sulphide Street ,
On its usual southward run.
To Adelaide most were destined,
Two hundred packed in tight,
With card games to amuse them
As they travelled through the night.
The Silver City, that most called home,
Had suffered more than most.
In torrid times of recent years,
With little it could boast.
The Turks, they had invaded,
And had shot up in the town,
And of fires, drought and dust-storms,
The place was well renown.
Brookfield was from Lancashire,
A figure tall and strong,
And eloquent and spoke his mind
Popularity did not take long.
As local parlance put it,
He had come there “from away”,
With digs at the Duke of Cornwall.
He was in the Hill to stay.
As a pugilist he was fearless,
Asset to any side that mattered.
Assailed by five, he fought the scrum,
Victorious, but battered.
When once a chap did threaten him,
‘Twould fill a lesser man with fear,
But Brookie calmly talked him round,
Then shouted him a beer.
(Photo Right) The Sulphide Street Railway Station in 1969. The ornate building in the distance is the Trades Hall. JLW.
Prime Minister, old Billy Hughes,
Was loyal to the Crown,
Saw conscription as the way ahead
To bring the Hun-folk down.
Our hero responded fervently,
“Traitor, viper and a skunk!”
They put him in the local goal
For a month it was his bunk.
In seventeen the miners agreed,
Percy Brookfield should be their bloke,
To join the Sydney Legislature, and
Free miners from the comp’ny yoke.
Brookfield eyed those with elected seats,
Libs, Labor and all the rest
A den of pure iniquity
And of the party he’d detest.
Phthisis was the miners’ scourge
From years and years of dust.
The mining firms all disagreed,
Miners deemed fresh air a must.
On top of it, the Spanish flu
Took a toll within the town.
Experts called from Sydney,
Report ignored, miners all put down.
So, the miners withdrew their labour
And the strike went on and lasted.
And further on and on it went.
Brookfield’s name was surely blasted.
Eighty weeks less three, the strike ran;
Starvation, scrounging whatever was
able.
But the companies ceded in the end
And a miner had food on his table.
Brookfield travelled on that slow ex-
press,
Across the Mundi Mundi Plains,
To take his Sydney Assembly seat
Via Melbourne - five different trains!
Rumour was that on the way,
He was about to stake a claim
On behalf of all the workers
For the leases – ‘twas his game.
The Broken Hill Express that night,
Rattling on its narrow track,
Through Mannahill and Paratoo
In SA’s way outback
Gumbowie was the clarion call,
“All change!” cried out the guard
From here the gauge was wider
Drifting into Terowie’s yard.
Aboard that train, a sullen soul,
With a one-way ticket south,
And clutching a small portmanteau
Not a word came from his mouth.
Koorman Tomayeff, Russian it was said,
Seeking vineyard work in Clare.
He would change again at Riverton,
And asked when he’d be there.
(Photo Right) Tomayeff. Photograph from the SA Police file held by State Records of South Australia.
At Riverton, a scheduled halt
At the railway refreshment joint.
Brookfield chatting over eggs and toast
All nodding yea to every point.
A loud report, and two more shots
Hit near the refresh door
The Russian firing indiscriminately,
But his aiming mostly poor.
Then Crowhurst from Oodlawirra
Copped a bullet in the thigh.
At first it seemed a minor wound
But from it he would die.
Kinsela was a constable
From Broken Hill had been aboard,
His hand-gun in his luggage
He had fortuitously stored.
Kinsela went back to the train, and then
To Brookfield passed the gun.
The Russian still kept firing on,
Reloading with each volley done.
Brookie calmly walked towards him
Intent, we think, to peacefully disarm
And apparently of a firm belief
He’d be spared of any harm.
The Russian was sprouting jibberish,
And of mentality most demented
Brookfield came on, unflinching
With intention fully cemented
Two quick shots into the abdomen
Stopped poor Percy sound,
Kinsela first, then others in pursuit
Brought the Russian to the ground.
(Photo Right) Riverton Railway Station c1914. The photograph was taken from the southern end of the station and the train is an Adelaide-bound express headed by an S class engine. The shooting was at the other end of the station. Photo coutesy of the State Library of South-Australia B68909
They asked the wounded Brookfield
Why he’d taken such a risk.
To which he gave an answer,
Made remarkably frank and brisk.
For the ladies he had done it,
Spoken though in mortal pain.
“I am nothing” quietly uttered
For he knew that he’d been slain.
In the van they made him comfy
And the express was sent non-stop
In the hope that Adelaide’s Hospital
Could save him with their op.
But despite the best intentions
Of the surgeons, later on that day
Our hero’s fate was certain
And he sadly passed away.
One last journey on that same express
A final homeward passage, made
To a mourning Silver City
In Trades Hall his body was laid.
On Good Friday he went to his grave,
Two thirds of the city, his brothers.
His memorial still towers by far,
Proud and high above all the others
Political assassination was widely said;
There had been a hope up in the Hill,
A court case hearing to evoke the facts,
Closure had been the town’s will.
Mick Considine was duly consulted
If he could offer advice or a deed
As the Federal member or rep.
But naught could fill the need.
South Australia, over keen, it seemed,
To be rid of the whole nasty lot
Had no concern regards the facts
And whether there’d been a plot.
They got a couple of ordinary docs
The Russian, to report his state of mind
Insanity “at the Governor’s pleasure”
His life he would hence unwind.
(Photo Right) The only known photograph of the shooting scene taken on the day - from the Observer
Back at Broken Hill
That news they would greet
From Railway town, the South
And down old Argent Street
One of sheer and utter dismay,
South Australia, a long-time friend,
Could treat them in this way.
For answers, it spelt the end.
On a corner block in Sulphide Street
And hanging high up on the wall
A framed photograph of Brookfield
In his much-revered Trades Hall.
It reveals a kindly countenance
And he smiles down at the lot
For in Broken Hill and elsewhere
He will surely not be forgot.
© JOHN WILSON 10 November 2020
This work is copyright but permission is freely granted, for a closed period ending 31 December 2021, for its re-production in any form or media that is associated with the centenary of Percy Brookfield’s death.
Read more about Dr. John Wilson and the Wilson Vineyard on the Clare Museum Website:
Wilson Vineyard - from 1974 Founders: Pat and John Wilson Wilson is unashamedly small. Wilson Vineyard makes a rare, late-picked zinfandel, the only Clare zin and one of the very few in the entire country. All wines produced under The Wilson Vineyard label are made on site in their own winery, giving the assurance of single vineyard, single site wines reflecting both the microclimate of Polish Hill River and the skills of the Wilson family. The grapes for Wilson Vineyard wines are hand-plunged, whole-bunch pressed, and hand-picked. The wines are unfiltered and went through minimal handling which is reflected in each and every bottle coming from Wilson Vineyard.
Wilson Vineyard "Pinot noir is not suited to Clare. The Wilson Vineyard 255 Stonecutting Road Polish Hill River, Clare Valley SA Continued from p.4 Wines post-War Boom All wines produced under The Wilson Vineyard label are made on site in their own winery, giving the assurance of single vineyard, single site wines reflecting both the microclimate of Polish Hill River and the skills of the Wilson family. In 2009 the winery and general operations were passed on to son Daniel Wilson, the second generation. Parents John and Pat Wilson still contribute in a limited way, content to watch developments in the business they created. Visit the Wilson Vineyard website New Wineries 1.
John Wilson wrote "For a few years after the 1983 bushfire there were moves to restore the railway as a tourist venture. Councils Meet John Wilson in his book reports that the local councils of Clare, Saddleworth, Auburn and Riverton met to consider whether they could "The Riesling Railway" keep the railway lines open establish a tourist railway, and swing the public support to carry the project forward. Riesling grape The following is from "The Riesling Trail" (A History), by Tony Brady, Evan Hiscock, John Wilson, Allan Mayfield, Graham Mill, Trevor Schmidt, Russel Schmidt and Gary Sims .
Below: 2 under-powered locomotives alongside a Pacific class locomotive built in UK Rx class Riesling Railway (Wilson) p.71 Riesling Railway (Wilson) p.174 Riesling Railway (Wilson) promotion page 1/8 Call in an Expert In 1917 an independent expert was appointed, , CMG, General Manager of the Federated Malay Railways, Kuala Lumpur. John Wilson wrote in the that: 'Riesling Railway' , "By 1920 SA boasted a railway system that connected most places ... The Clare Rail Service John Wilson writes that "the first passenger train services were provided by mixed trains (goods train and a carriage) that connected with the broad-gauge Terowie passenger trains at Riverton." John Wilson's book ' catalogues all incidents on this line, starting in 1924 The Riesling Railway' (pages 105-106). Dr John Wilson did a meticulous job in capturing the history of the rail line from Riverton to Spalding in his publication " . for which John Wilson had a book-launch event in Clare on the day of the centenary, 4 July 2018.
Historical Notes by John Wilson Convincing Politicians Railway Tenders Compared Keep Reading: TENDERS SPALDING RAILWAY. Delay Progress Begun Finished Inspection Clare Railway Station Saga Final Cost Historical Notes by John Wilson Convincing Politicians Railway Tenders Compared Keep Reading: Above and below: "Barwell Bull" on the Pichi Richi Railway Historical Notes by : John Wilson The Railway Guarantee There were requests from all parts of the South Australian to have Parliament authorise railways.
Castine Meller's quarry The Riverton to Spalding Railway Bill : John Wilson writes "Riesling Railway") was determined to have a railway built to Clare, having already achieved parliamentary authorisation to build a collection of railways into his own electorate of Barossa.
Below: Clare Railway trains from (2018) "The Riesling Railway" by John WIlson Clare Railway Station Saga - Part 1 — Read more at Chapter 3 CLARE AND SPALDING RAILWAY, History of Tenders. Sunbeam Construction Economies John Wilson wrote: "The line was built with economies that doomed it to inefficient operation.
Anecdotally, this was the most expensive SA Railway Station to be built, says John Wilson in Riesling Railway, p.34.